In most cold climates sow seeds indoors about 6-8 weeks before last frost. In warmer areas sow seeds directly outdoors in the fall to harvest the following season. Soil temps should be (22-26 C) for good germination. Once germinated the temperatures can be cooler and artichokes will bud earlier if exposed to at least 8-10 days of cool temperatures early in its growth. However protect from frost and freezing temperatures in your harvest year.